I could not deny that the reason why I took up this particular module was because I did not have a choice, without clearing the Qualifying English Test (QET) completely. A year ago, when I recieved my Alevels results, I was glad that i managed to grasp a pass grade in my General Paper, and I will not have the need to struggle with English Language again in the future. However i was shocked when I came to know about the QET. English Language have always been a terrifying subject as no matter how much I tried and attempted to study for it, my grades remain bad.
After attending this module, I came to realised that i have always been in a vicious cycle, where my dislike towards English Language resulted in my procrastination in identifying the problems I had with English. It hindered me in trying to understand what my actual problems are. Therefore I have learnt to put aside my dislike, and with the aid of this module, I am able to realise the underlying reason for my bad grades in English.
This module brings me back to the very basic of English Language, which is grammar, what tense and what word form is to be used under which situations. Simple techniques such as summary skills and identifying the important information have also been covered. This is really helpful because I realised that I have yet to grasp even the most basic grammar knowledge, therefore not being able to perform well in the different Language-based examinations.
One vast difference between this module and the the other modules is that it is alot more light-hearted and free. In another words, you are able to voice out your opinions and have the opportunity to listen to others. Unlike the other science modules i took, they are usually fixed and not flexible. In addition, I do find the idea of creating a blog to keep a record of the different essays written is a new and interesting idea, needless to say useful. This is thus one area by which I enjoy in this module.
In addition, throughout the course, I have also realises the need and importance of knowledge. ES1102 is not just all about the use of language as a tool to express yourself, it also teaches you that the relevant information and ideas are equally important. In the course of my reaseach for the problem-solution essay, I have understood global issues more throughly. At the same time, it sends across the message that there are many events happening around me that i am unaware of. In addition, in the process of critising my peers essay, i have gained additional knowledge and came to know more about globalisation and the different opinions people have towards such global issues.
In conclusion, the main takeaways are firstly the many basics of English Language that I have yet to equip myself with and seondly, the importance of knowledge and some that I have obtained from this module. On the whole, it has been a pleasent and light-hearted module that allows me to pick up many skills that are going to be extremely useful to me in the future when I start to work in the working society.
Sunday 20 April 2014
Friday 18 April 2014
Problem-Solution essay draft 4
Globalisation is a
current, ever-changing phenomenon that describes the economic and social
integration of economies globally. The benefits Singaporeans reap from
globalisation are clear, such as the higher standard of living (Thangavelu,
2010) and easier access of information due to the advancement in mass media.
For example, information are readily available just a click away on the
computer. However, in his TED talk (2009), Goldin raised four major problems
globalisation has caused: the collapse in biodiversity, climate change,
financial crisis and inequality. The most pressing problem is climate change, a
global concern which dire effects are immediate. Many countries have realised
the need to take actions to slow down the rate of climate change and Singapore
is no exception. Singapore’s Government has implemented certain policies in
respond to the awareness. Although such policies dobring about improvements,
such improvements are expected to decrease as time passes. To ensure
sustainable improvements, additional measures should to be implemented.
Climate change refers to
a change in global climate patterns. One apparent result of globalisation is
the stark increase in coal usage. As developing countries undergo
industrialisation, rapid consumption of coal occurs to fuel industrialisation,
and more carbon dioxide are produced (Zolfagharifard, 2014). Carbon emissions
have increased from 25 billion metric tons to 32 billion in 5 years (Terberg,
2013). The high level of carbon emission traps the heat from the sun within
Earth's atmosphere(Kriby, 2013), resulting in an increase in global average
temperature. This can be seen when the annual mean surface temperature globally
has increased
by 0.8 degrees Celsius since 1984 (National
Climate Change Secretariat, 2013). The mean sea level in Straits of Singapore
has risen 3mm per year over the past 15 years. This poses an immediate threat
for low-lying nations like Singapore, where 30% of the land lies less than 5m
above sea level.
As climate change
worsen, food security has also become a problem within Singapore since
Singapore is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in global food supply and
food pricing.
Singapore’s government have chosen to engage
Singaporeans on a household level as they recognise the importance of gathering
support from Singaporeans to effectively slow down climate change without
draining nation’s resources. An example includes
the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS)
policy, introduced in September 2011. It is a specification which contains
a number of performance requirements for an energy-using device, limiting the
maximum amount of energy that may be consumed by that device in performing a
specified task. This would therefore limit households in Singapore to only
purchase devices that are under the maximum amount of energy that may be
consumed by that device when performing a task. The energy performance
standards will be further tightened in 2013 to help consumers avoid being
locked into high energy consumption and energy costs.
After the implementation of the above stated measure, market data showed that households, manufacturers and suppliers have responded positively to MEPS. According to the National Environment Agency, the fraction of energy-efficient house air-conditioners, refrigerators and clothes dryer sold have steadily increased over the years. In 2011, about 80% of purchases of air-conditioners and 85% of refrigerators were from the top two highest efficient categories.
However, every strategy has limitations. Appliances that are energetically efficient tend to be more costly compared to the non-energetically efficient ones. Although there was a marked increase in the purchase of such appliances, the increase is expected to reduce when the majority of the well-to-do Singaporeans have already converted to the energy efficient appliances. In addition, pricey appliances, such as the air-conditioners and refrigerators, are items that people do not change frequently , and the above policies are only applicable to new buyers.
In order to maximise the effectiveness
of the above strategy, the government may choose to implement a law where
every household has to have their high-energy consuming appliances switched to
more energy-efficient ones. Singapore's government should provide a
list of appliances that they deem to be considered high-energy consuming.
Also, to be reasonable, sufficient time has to be provided for
Singaporeans to switch over to more energy-efficient appliances. In order to
solve the problem of affordability and to ensure that the above suggested new
legislation is implementable, subsidies proportional to their income level
can be provided to lower income families. The wide influence of mass media can
be used to explain to Singaporeans the rationale behind the
importance in seeking their cooperation. Advertisements and short films can be
broadcast on national channels to raise the awareness and seek to
seek cooperation from Singaporeans.
In conclusion, the high level of the carbon
emission resulted in climate
change that has affected Singapore adversely. The main solution
adopted by Singapore's Government is to reduce carbon emission on a
household level. Measures such as Minimum Energy Performance Standard is adopted, however, more can be done by the government to ensure
that the results are sustainable.
References
Fekete. J.[e11] (2014). Canada's Arctic ice
caps melting rapidly since 2005, according to documents. Retrieved from: http://o.canada.com/news/national/canadas-arctic-ice-caps-melting-rapidly-since-2005-according-to-documents/
Goldin, I. (2009). Navigating our Global Future [Video
file]. Retrievedfrom: http://www.ted.com/talks/ian_goldin_navigating_our_global_future?language=en
Ministry of the
Environment and Water Resources. (2011). Minimum
Energy Standard Performance Standards. Retrieved from: http://app.mewr.gov.sg/data/ImgCont/1386/3.%20Factsheet%20-%20Minimum%20Energy%20Performance%20Standards%20%5Bweb%5D.pdf
National Climate Change
Secretariat Prime Minster's Office Singapore. (2013). Household. Retrieved
from: http://app.nccs.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=171&secid=193
National Climate Change
Secretariat Prime Minsters' Office Singapore. (2013). Impact of Climate Change on Singapore. Retrieved from: https://app.nccs.gov.sg/(X(1)S(zfbtkw55cjagmjejoqtnycz5))/page.aspx?pageid=160&secid=157&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
National Environment
Agency. (2013). Mandatory
Energy Management Practices. Retrieved from: http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/industry-sector
National Environment
Agency. (2013). Tightening and Extending
Minimum Energy Performance Standards. Retrieved
from: http://app2.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/newsroom/parliament/budget-debate1/budget-debate-2012/meps
Wikipedia. (2013). Minimum energy performance standard. Retrievedfrom:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Energy_Performance_Standard
Monday 14 April 2014
Reflection for ES presentation
I am very glad that a platform was given to us to practice our presentation skills as I do believe that it is extremely important, no matter whichever school or faculty that we might come from. In the future when we join the working society, I believe that there will be many instances where I am required to give presentations, regardless of the industry or sector that I work in.
In addition, I believe that no matter how much knowledge that we have, if we do not possess the necessary skills to present to the desired party, such knowledge might not be fully utilised. Therefore I believe that there is the dire need to brush up presenting skills before entrance to the working society. Coupled with the fact that most of the Science modules do not cover presenting skills, I am glad that we were given the chance to learn it in this particular module.
After undergoing the process of preparing for the presentation, giving the presentation and receiving the constructive feedback, I have learnt many valuable skills and pointers that I have to look out for if I were to give a presentation in the near future. In addition, by sitting through the many presentations given by my peers, I am able to learn even more, from both their good points and also their mistakes.
Also, not only did I gain knowledge on the different types of delivery skills, I have also learnt a lot content wise. There are many interesting and new facts that were raised during the respective presentations that I never knew. Therefore such a practice also helps me in gaining general knowledge.
In addition, I believe that no matter how much knowledge that we have, if we do not possess the necessary skills to present to the desired party, such knowledge might not be fully utilised. Therefore I believe that there is the dire need to brush up presenting skills before entrance to the working society. Coupled with the fact that most of the Science modules do not cover presenting skills, I am glad that we were given the chance to learn it in this particular module.
After undergoing the process of preparing for the presentation, giving the presentation and receiving the constructive feedback, I have learnt many valuable skills and pointers that I have to look out for if I were to give a presentation in the near future. In addition, by sitting through the many presentations given by my peers, I am able to learn even more, from both their good points and also their mistakes.
Also, not only did I gain knowledge on the different types of delivery skills, I have also learnt a lot content wise. There are many interesting and new facts that were raised during the respective presentations that I never knew. Therefore such a practice also helps me in gaining general knowledge.
Thursday 6 March 2014
Essay Draft 2
Globalisation is a current, ever-changing phenomenon depicting economic and social integration of economies globally. The benefits Singapore reap from globalisation are clear, such as higher standard of living and greater diffusion of new technologies (Thangavelu, 2010). However, globalisation also brings about negative impact, mainly ethical and environmental problems.
In his seven minutes talk, Goldin raised four major problems globalisation caused, such as the collapse in biodiversity, climate change, financial crisis and inequality. The most pressing problem, in my opinion, will be climate change. Climate change is a global concern and the dire effects are immediate, taking the melting of ice caps for example (Fekete, 2014).
One apparent result of globalisation is the stark increase in coal usage. Carbon emissions have increased from 25 billion metric tons to 32 billions in 5 years (Terberg, 2013). The high level of carbon emission traps the heat from the sun within Earth's atmosphere, resulting in an increase in global average temperature. (Kriby, 2013). This abnormal rise in average global temperature thus leads to a change in the natural climate of the globe.
According to information provided by the National Climate Change Secretariat, the annual mean surface temperature has increased for about 0.8 degree celsius since 1984. The mean sea level in Straits of Singapore rises 3 mm per year over the past 15 years. This poses an immediate threat for a low-lying nations like Singapore, where 30% of her land lies less than 5m above sea level. Food security within Singapore can also be threaten as climate change threatens global food security and Singapore is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in global food supply and food pricing.
Therefore, has Singapore done enough to manage climate change that has resulted from globalisation? In my opinion, although the current strategies implemented show improvements, such improvements will plateau off. Therefore, addition measures have to be implemented, ensuring sustainable improvements.
Many solutions have been adopted to slow down the rate of climate change, and among these solutions includes engaging Singaporeans on a household level. The government recognises the importance of gathering support from Singaporeans to effectively slow down climate change without draining our nation resources. An example includes the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) policy, introduced in Sep 2011. It is a specification containing a number of performance requirements for an energy-using device, limiting the maximum amount of energy that may be consumed by that device in performing a specified task. The energy performance standards will be further tightened in 2013 to help consumers avoid being locked into high energy consumption and energy costs. Inefficient appliances consuming the most energy in a typical household will be removed.
After the implementation of the above stated measure, market data showed that households, manufacturers and suppliers have responded positively to MEPS. According to the official site of National Environment Agency, the fraction of energy-efficient house air-conditioners, refrigerators and clothes dryer sold have steadily increased over the years. In 2011, about 80% of purchase of air-conditioners and 85% of refrigerators were from the top two highest efficient categories.
However, every strategy has limitations. Appliances that are energetically efficient tend to be more costly compared to the non-energetically efficient ones. Although there was a marked increase in the purchase of such appliances, the increase is expected to plateau off when majority of the well-to-do Singaporeans have already converted to the energy efficient appliances. In addition, appliances such as the air-conditioner and refrigerators are items that people do not change frequently.
In order to maximise the effectiveness of the above strategy, the government may choose to implement a law where every household has to have their high-energy consuming appliances switched to more energy-efficient ones. Singapore's government will provide a list of appliances that they deem to be considered high-energy consuming. Also, to be reasonable, sufficient time have to be provided for Singaporeans to switch over to more energy-efficient appliances. In order to solve the problem of affordability and to ensure that the above suggested new legislation is implementable, subsidies proportional to their income level can be provided to lower income families. The wide influence of mass media can be used to explain to Singaporeans the rationale behind the importance in seeking their cooperation. Advertisements and short films can be broadcasted on national channels to raise the awareness and seek to seek cooperation from Singaporeans.
In conclusion, the high level of carbon emission have resulted in climate change that has affected Singapore adversely. The main solution adopted by Singapore's Government is to reduce carbon emission on a household level. Measure such as Minimum Energy Performance Standard are adopted. The world is home to you, us and everyone, therefore lets play our part. Although it may be a small step, but every step counts.
(800 words)
References:
In his seven minutes talk, Goldin raised four major problems globalisation caused, such as the collapse in biodiversity, climate change, financial crisis and inequality. The most pressing problem, in my opinion, will be climate change. Climate change is a global concern and the dire effects are immediate, taking the melting of ice caps for example (Fekete, 2014).
One apparent result of globalisation is the stark increase in coal usage. Carbon emissions have increased from 25 billion metric tons to 32 billions in 5 years (Terberg, 2013). The high level of carbon emission traps the heat from the sun within Earth's atmosphere, resulting in an increase in global average temperature. (Kriby, 2013). This abnormal rise in average global temperature thus leads to a change in the natural climate of the globe.
According to information provided by the National Climate Change Secretariat, the annual mean surface temperature has increased for about 0.8 degree celsius since 1984. The mean sea level in Straits of Singapore rises 3 mm per year over the past 15 years. This poses an immediate threat for a low-lying nations like Singapore, where 30% of her land lies less than 5m above sea level. Food security within Singapore can also be threaten as climate change threatens global food security and Singapore is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in global food supply and food pricing.
Therefore, has Singapore done enough to manage climate change that has resulted from globalisation? In my opinion, although the current strategies implemented show improvements, such improvements will plateau off. Therefore, addition measures have to be implemented, ensuring sustainable improvements.
Many solutions have been adopted to slow down the rate of climate change, and among these solutions includes engaging Singaporeans on a household level. The government recognises the importance of gathering support from Singaporeans to effectively slow down climate change without draining our nation resources. An example includes the Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) policy, introduced in Sep 2011. It is a specification containing a number of performance requirements for an energy-using device, limiting the maximum amount of energy that may be consumed by that device in performing a specified task. The energy performance standards will be further tightened in 2013 to help consumers avoid being locked into high energy consumption and energy costs. Inefficient appliances consuming the most energy in a typical household will be removed.
After the implementation of the above stated measure, market data showed that households, manufacturers and suppliers have responded positively to MEPS. According to the official site of National Environment Agency, the fraction of energy-efficient house air-conditioners, refrigerators and clothes dryer sold have steadily increased over the years. In 2011, about 80% of purchase of air-conditioners and 85% of refrigerators were from the top two highest efficient categories.
However, every strategy has limitations. Appliances that are energetically efficient tend to be more costly compared to the non-energetically efficient ones. Although there was a marked increase in the purchase of such appliances, the increase is expected to plateau off when majority of the well-to-do Singaporeans have already converted to the energy efficient appliances. In addition, appliances such as the air-conditioner and refrigerators are items that people do not change frequently.
In order to maximise the effectiveness of the above strategy, the government may choose to implement a law where every household has to have their high-energy consuming appliances switched to more energy-efficient ones. Singapore's government will provide a list of appliances that they deem to be considered high-energy consuming. Also, to be reasonable, sufficient time have to be provided for Singaporeans to switch over to more energy-efficient appliances. In order to solve the problem of affordability and to ensure that the above suggested new legislation is implementable, subsidies proportional to their income level can be provided to lower income families. The wide influence of mass media can be used to explain to Singaporeans the rationale behind the importance in seeking their cooperation. Advertisements and short films can be broadcasted on national channels to raise the awareness and seek to seek cooperation from Singaporeans.
(800 words)
References:
- National Environment Agency. (2013). Mandatory Energy Management Practices. 7/3/2014. Retrieved from: http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/industry-sector
- National Climate Change Secretariat Prime Minster's Office Singapore. (2013). Impact of Climate Change on Singapore. 7/3/2014. Retrieved from: https://app.nccs.gov.sg/(X(1)S(zfbtkw55cjagmjejoqtnycz5))/page.aspx?pageid=160&secid=157&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
- National Environment Agency. (2013). Tightening and Extending Minimum Energy Performance Standards. 7/3/2014. Retrieved from: http://app2.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/newsroom/parliament/budget-debate1/budget-debate-2012/meps
- National Climate Change Secretariat Prime Minster's Office Singapore. (2013). Household. 7/3/2014. Retrieved from: http://app.nccs.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=171&secid=193
- Wikipedia. (2013). Minium energy performance standard. 7/3/2014. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Energy_Performance_Standard
- Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. (2011). Minimum Energy Standard Performance Standards. 7/3/2014. Retrieved from: http://app.mewr.gov.sg/data/ImgCont/1386/3.%20Factsheet%20-%20Minimum%20Energy%20Performance%20Standards%20%5Bweb%5D.pdf
- Goldin, I. (2009). Navigating our Global Future [Video file]. Retrieved from; http://www.ted.com/talks/ian_goldin_navigating_our_global_future?language=en
- Jason Fekete. (2014). Canada's Arctic ice caps melting rapidly since 2005, according to documents. 10/3/2014. Retrieved from: http://o.canada.com/news/national/canadas-arctic-ice-caps-melting-rapidly-since-2005-according-to-documents/
Tuesday 25 February 2014
Essay outline
Research Question: Has Singapore done enough to manage Climate Change that was resulted from Globalisation?
Stand: Yes, although the strategies implemented currently are limited in scope, detailed plans have been crafted for expanding the current strategies and the current strategies do indeed show results.
Introduction - Problem:
One apparent result of Globalisation is the stark increase in usage of coal by developing countries, such as India and China. Therefore, as the world burns more coal and do not cut back on other fossil fuels usage, carbon emission will greatly increase. Carbon emission have increased from around 25billion metric tons in 2001 to near to 32billions in 5 years (Gail Terberg, 2013) . As countries gets more globalised, undergoing industrialisation, demand for efficient means of achieving energy would increase (David Kashi, 2013). The high level of carbon emission have resulted in climate change mainly by trapping the heat of the sun within Earth's atmosphere. This results in an increase in global average temperature (Alex Kriby, 2013). The impact of climate change on Singapore includes an increase in mean surface temperature, rising sea levels and threatening food security in Singapore.
References:
https://app.nccs.gov.sg/(X(1)S(srw5jr45ovh5ijj1ooyvb1qc))/page.aspx?pageid=160&secid=157&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
http://ourfiniteworld.com/2013/02/22/twelve-reasons-why-globalization-is-a-huge-problem/
http://www.rtcc.org/2013/12/12/carbon-dioxides-effect-on-global-warming-understimated/
Introduction - Solution:
Singapore has taken steps to reduce carbon emission on a household level. Measure such as the Mandatory Energy Labelling and Minimum Energy Performance Standard.
Introduction - Thesis Statement: I believe that the measures implemented by the government to seek cooperation from the population is highly efficient.
Body Paragraph 1 - Topic Sentence: Government has recognised the importance of gathering the support and help from Singaporeans in effectively slowing down climate change without draining too much of the nation resources. Therefore, she has devised measures that include the cooperation of the population.
Body Paragraph 1 - Description of the problem:
The annual mean surface temperature has increased for about 0.8 degree Celsius since 1948 and this would affect the natural diversity of Singapore's plants and animals, altering Singapore's natural processes.
The mean sea level in Straits of Singapore rises 3mm per year over the past 15 years. This pose as an immediate threat for a low-lying nation like Singapore where 30% of Singapore's land lies less than 5m above sea level.
Food security within Singapore can also be threaten as Climate Change threatens global food security and Singapore is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in global food supply and food pricing.
Body Paragraph 1 - Description of one existing solution:
The Government in Singapore have taken many measures to slow down the rate of climate change, and among these solutions includes engaging Singaporeans on a household level. One measure taken to engage Singaporeans on a household level includes the Mandatory Energy Labelling. It was introduced for registrable goods since 1 January 08. Under the Energy Conservation Act 2012, registered suppliers must affix the Energy Label on the units that they supply in Singapore. The Energy Label can only be affixed after the Certificate of Registration have been issued by National Environment Agency. Retailers are only allowed to display models that have the label affixed on them in a prominent manner. Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) is also another measure taken by the government to cut down on carbon emission. MEPS is a specification containing a number of performance requirements for an energy-using device, and that limits the maximum amount of energy that may be consumed by a product in performing a specified task. It was introduced in Sep 2011 for a certain household appliances, and the energy performance standards will be further tightened in 2013 to help consumers avoid being locked into high energy consumption and energy costs. Inefficient appliances consuming the most energy in a typical household will be removed.
References:
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/industry-sector
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/household-sector/the-energy-label
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Energy_Performance_Standard
http://app.nccs.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=171&secid=193
Body Paragraph 1 - Evaluating the solution
Effectiveness: Market data shows that households, manufacturers and suppliers have responded positively to MEPS. The fraction of energy-efficient house air-conditioners, refrigerators and clothes dryer sold have steadily increased over the years. In 2011, about 80% of purchase of air-conditioners and 85% of refrigerators were from the top two highest efficient categories.
Limitations: However appliances that are energetically efficient tend to be more expensive compared to the non-energetically efficient ones. Therefore, although there was a marked increase in the purchase of such appliances, the increase is expected to plateau off as time pass by when majority of the well-to-do Singaporeans have already converted to the energy efficient appliances. In addition, appliances such as the air-conditioner and refrigerators are items that people do not change easily and oftenly . Therefore, although more energetically efficient new appliances are introduced into the market, unless the current ones that Singaporeans' owned malfunction, they generally would not purchase a new one.
References:
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/newsroom/parliament/budget-debate1/budget-debate-2012/meps
Body Paragraph 1 - improvement on existing solution
In order to tackle the loophole on the fact that not everyone is planning to change appliances such as refrigerator and air-conditioner, the government may choose to implement a law that by a certain point in time, every household is suppose to have their high-energy consuming appliances, such as the air-conditioners, switched to more energy-efficient ones. Singapore's government may choose to propose a list of appliances that they deem to be considered high-energy consuming. Also, to be reasonable, sufficient time have to be provided for Singaporeans to switch over to more energy-efficient appliances. In addition, in order to solve the problem of affordability and to ensure that the above suggestion is implementable, subsidies proportional to their income level can be provided to lower income families. The wide influence of mass media can be used to explain to Singaporeans the rationale behind the importance in seeking their cooperation in slowing down climate change. Advertisements and short films can be broadcasted on national channels to raise the awareness and seek to seek cooperation from Singaporeans.
Conclusion
Problem: The high level of carbon emission have resulted in climate change. The impact of climate change on Singapore includes an increase in mean surface temperature, raising sea levels and threatening food security in Singapore.
Solution: The main solution adopted by Singapore's Government is to reduce carbon emission on a household level. Measure such as the Mandatory Energy Labelling and Minimum Energy Performance Standard are adopted.
The world is home to you, us and everyone, therefore lets play our part. Although it may be a small step, but every step counts.
Stand: Yes, although the strategies implemented currently are limited in scope, detailed plans have been crafted for expanding the current strategies and the current strategies do indeed show results.
Introduction - Problem:
One apparent result of Globalisation is the stark increase in usage of coal by developing countries, such as India and China. Therefore, as the world burns more coal and do not cut back on other fossil fuels usage, carbon emission will greatly increase. Carbon emission have increased from around 25billion metric tons in 2001 to near to 32billions in 5 years (Gail Terberg, 2013) . As countries gets more globalised, undergoing industrialisation, demand for efficient means of achieving energy would increase (David Kashi, 2013). The high level of carbon emission have resulted in climate change mainly by trapping the heat of the sun within Earth's atmosphere. This results in an increase in global average temperature (Alex Kriby, 2013). The impact of climate change on Singapore includes an increase in mean surface temperature, rising sea levels and threatening food security in Singapore.
References:
https://app.nccs.gov.sg/(X(1)S(srw5jr45ovh5ijj1ooyvb1qc))/page.aspx?pageid=160&secid=157&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
http://ourfiniteworld.com/2013/02/22/twelve-reasons-why-globalization-is-a-huge-problem/
http://www.rtcc.org/2013/12/12/carbon-dioxides-effect-on-global-warming-understimated/
Introduction - Solution:
Singapore has taken steps to reduce carbon emission on a household level. Measure such as the Mandatory Energy Labelling and Minimum Energy Performance Standard.
Introduction - Thesis Statement: I believe that the measures implemented by the government to seek cooperation from the population is highly efficient.
Body Paragraph 1 - Topic Sentence: Government has recognised the importance of gathering the support and help from Singaporeans in effectively slowing down climate change without draining too much of the nation resources. Therefore, she has devised measures that include the cooperation of the population.
Body Paragraph 1 - Description of the problem:
The annual mean surface temperature has increased for about 0.8 degree Celsius since 1948 and this would affect the natural diversity of Singapore's plants and animals, altering Singapore's natural processes.
The mean sea level in Straits of Singapore rises 3mm per year over the past 15 years. This pose as an immediate threat for a low-lying nation like Singapore where 30% of Singapore's land lies less than 5m above sea level.
Food security within Singapore can also be threaten as Climate Change threatens global food security and Singapore is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in global food supply and food pricing.
Body Paragraph 1 - Description of one existing solution:
The Government in Singapore have taken many measures to slow down the rate of climate change, and among these solutions includes engaging Singaporeans on a household level. One measure taken to engage Singaporeans on a household level includes the Mandatory Energy Labelling. It was introduced for registrable goods since 1 January 08. Under the Energy Conservation Act 2012, registered suppliers must affix the Energy Label on the units that they supply in Singapore. The Energy Label can only be affixed after the Certificate of Registration have been issued by National Environment Agency. Retailers are only allowed to display models that have the label affixed on them in a prominent manner. Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) is also another measure taken by the government to cut down on carbon emission. MEPS is a specification containing a number of performance requirements for an energy-using device, and that limits the maximum amount of energy that may be consumed by a product in performing a specified task. It was introduced in Sep 2011 for a certain household appliances, and the energy performance standards will be further tightened in 2013 to help consumers avoid being locked into high energy consumption and energy costs. Inefficient appliances consuming the most energy in a typical household will be removed.
References:
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/industry-sector
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/household-sector/the-energy-label
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Energy_Performance_Standard
http://app.nccs.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=171&secid=193
Body Paragraph 1 - Evaluating the solution
Effectiveness: Market data shows that households, manufacturers and suppliers have responded positively to MEPS. The fraction of energy-efficient house air-conditioners, refrigerators and clothes dryer sold have steadily increased over the years. In 2011, about 80% of purchase of air-conditioners and 85% of refrigerators were from the top two highest efficient categories.
Limitations: However appliances that are energetically efficient tend to be more expensive compared to the non-energetically efficient ones. Therefore, although there was a marked increase in the purchase of such appliances, the increase is expected to plateau off as time pass by when majority of the well-to-do Singaporeans have already converted to the energy efficient appliances. In addition, appliances such as the air-conditioner and refrigerators are items that people do not change easily and oftenly . Therefore, although more energetically efficient new appliances are introduced into the market, unless the current ones that Singaporeans' owned malfunction, they generally would not purchase a new one.
References:
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/newsroom/parliament/budget-debate1/budget-debate-2012/meps
Body Paragraph 1 - improvement on existing solution
In order to tackle the loophole on the fact that not everyone is planning to change appliances such as refrigerator and air-conditioner, the government may choose to implement a law that by a certain point in time, every household is suppose to have their high-energy consuming appliances, such as the air-conditioners, switched to more energy-efficient ones. Singapore's government may choose to propose a list of appliances that they deem to be considered high-energy consuming. Also, to be reasonable, sufficient time have to be provided for Singaporeans to switch over to more energy-efficient appliances. In addition, in order to solve the problem of affordability and to ensure that the above suggestion is implementable, subsidies proportional to their income level can be provided to lower income families. The wide influence of mass media can be used to explain to Singaporeans the rationale behind the importance in seeking their cooperation in slowing down climate change. Advertisements and short films can be broadcasted on national channels to raise the awareness and seek to seek cooperation from Singaporeans.
Conclusion
Problem: The high level of carbon emission have resulted in climate change. The impact of climate change on Singapore includes an increase in mean surface temperature, raising sea levels and threatening food security in Singapore.
Solution: The main solution adopted by Singapore's Government is to reduce carbon emission on a household level. Measure such as the Mandatory Energy Labelling and Minimum Energy Performance Standard are adopted.
The world is home to you, us and everyone, therefore lets play our part. Although it may be a small step, but every step counts.
Friday 21 February 2014
Reader's response final draft
In "Globalisation of Culture Through the Media ",
Kraidy (2002) mentions that international media flow has sparked off many
debates, where developing nations are accused of taking advantage of the media
flow. Developed nations favour the "free flow of information" but developing
nations disagree. As the world becomes inter-dependent, Kraidy highlights the
analytical shift towards globalisation. The dispute on whether mass media is
the cause of globalisation or does it intensifies globalisation arises. He
raises that globalisation is perceived to bring about culture homogenisation or
hybridisation. Kraidy then concludes that transnational mass media intensifies
the hybridity existing in cultures globally.
I agree with Kraidy on the idea of cultural hybridisation
and the apparent relationship between mass media and globalisation. However, I
believe that the "chicken and egg" analogy he adopts is over-simplified.
In my opinion, it is not a single cause leading to
globalisation but a build-up of multiple factors. Pettinger (2012) quotes that
such factors include the improved transport and technology. For example,
Pettinger (2012) mentions that there has been a rapid growth in air travel,
enabling a greater flow of people and goods across borders. The development of
containerisation also reduced the cost of inter-modal transport, making trade
cheaper and more efficient, thus leading to globalisation.
The improvement in technology is tightly related to mass
media. Without the advancement in technology, people will not have access to
mass media and mass media would not influenced the world the way it does now.
For example, how influential can the Internet or social media platforms be
without computers? Therefore, I believe that the "chicken and egg"
analogy used by Kraidy is over-simplified, and globalisation is not due to
solely the rise of social media.
However, I agree on the phenomenon of cultural hybridisation
mentioned by the author Kraidy, and it can be observed in a globalised city
like Singapore. For example, Macdonald's is a fast food restaurant people
believe was due to cultural imperialism. However, I disagree as Macdonald's do
provide different menus in different countries in attempt to include the local
culture. Macdonald's offer curry sauce in Singapore. In addition, teriyaki
burger and Ebi-fillet-o burgers are offered exclusively in Asia. This shows
that there is no longer the imperialism of one culture but a hybrid of the
different cultures.
In conclusion, most of the ideas raised by Mr. Krabbs are
valid, except for some which he over-simplified.
Monday 17 February 2014
Reader Response Draft 1
I agreed to majority of the point raised by Kraidy, such as the phenomenon of cultural hybridization and the apparent releationship between mass media and cultural hybridization. However I don have some opinions towards some controversies he raised.
In “Globalisation of Culture Through the Media”, Kraidy (2002) mentions that international media flow has sparked off many debates, where developed nations are accused of taking advantage of the media flow. Developed nations favor the “free flow of information” but the developing nations disagree. As the world becomes more inter-dependent, Kraidy highlights the analytical shift towards globalization. The dispute on whether mass media is the cause of globalization or does it intensifies globalization arises. He also raises that globalization is perceived to bring about either cultural homogenization or cultural hybridization. Kraidy then concludes that transnational mass media intensifies the hybridity existing in cultures globally.
I agreed with Kraidy when he raised the topic on cultural hybridization, where the world is no longer dominated by a single culture. Such a phenomenon can be seen in a small, globalized city like Singapore. For example, MacDonalds is a very popular fast food restaurant globally, deemed to be a result of Westernization. However, taking into account of the local culture, MacDonalds in Asia alter their menus, such as introducing Curry Sauce in Singapore, Teriyaki and Ebi Filet-O in Japan. This therefore showed that there is no dominance of one western culture but a dapted, hybridized form of culture globally.
However there is an analogy raised by Kraidy that I don not agree on, which is the Chicken-and-Egg analogy, describing the releationship between mass media and globalization. The confusion stated in the passage is whether mass media is the cause of globalization or did it intensify globalization. The stated analogy suggests mutual cause and effect releationship, which I disagree. I believe that mass media is a huge factor that caused globalization, however it is definitely not the only factor. Other factors may include the advancement of technology. Without the advancement of technology, the influence of mass media will not be that great, or even the start of mass media would have never happened. Thus, I believed that it is a build up of many factors that lead to globalization and its wide influence.
In conclusion, I agree with the majority of the points Kraidy raised and that transnational mass media, backed up with other relating factors, do intensify the hybridity in existing cultures globally.
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